![]() Their efforts to define health from a First Nations perspective resulted in concepts that are based on holistic health, such as social and emotional wellbeing. Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations were established in the late 1970s. For researchers, practitioners and policy-makers to improve the health and wellbeing of First Nations people, it is important for a definition to be agreed. The concept of health is complex, and there is no clear definition that is consistent across cultures. Source: Closing the Gap information repository. The 2021 rate is above the trajectory rate of 20.8 per 100,000 people. To measure progress toward this target, a trajectory of a 75% reduction is presented on the Closing the Gap information repository. Status: In 2021, the suicide age-standardised rate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was 27.1 per 100,000 people (for NSW, Queensland, WA, SA and the NT combined).Target: Significant and sustained reduction in suicide of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people towards zero (from an age-standardised rate of 25.1 per 100,000 people in 2018).Outcome area 14: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people enjoy high levels of social and emotional wellbeing ![]() Status: Nationally in 2021, 34.3% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children commencing school were assessed as being developmentally on track in all five AEDC domains, which is lower than the target trajectory proportion of 39.8%.Target: By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children assessed as developmentally on track in all five domains of the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) to 55% (from 35.2% in 2018 to 55% by 2031).Outcome area 4: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children thrive in their early years This is higher than the target trajectory of 4.5 years for males and 3.8 years for females. This was a gap of 8.8 years for males and 8.1 years for females. Status: Nationally, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males born in 2020-2022 are expected to live to 71.9 years and females to 75.6 years, and non-Indigenous males and females to 80.6 years and 83.8 years respectively.Target: Close the Gap in life expectancy within a generation, by 2031 (from 11.4 years for males and 9.6 years for females in 2005–2007 to 0.0 years by 2030–2032 for both males and females).Outcome area 1: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people enjoy long and healthy lives National Agreement on Closing the Gap: social and emotional wellbeing-related targets Three of these targets directly relate to social and emotional wellbeing, monitored annually by the Productivity Commission. The National Agreement also identifies 19 targets across 17 socioeconomic outcome areas. In 2020, all Australian governments and the Coalition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peak Organisations worked in partnership to develop the National Agreement on Closing the Gap - external site opens in new window (the National Agreement), built around 4 Priority Reforms. People with mental health problems or mental illness can live and function at a high level with adequate support yet continue to have social and emotional wellbeing needs (AIHW & NIAA 2020). Even with good social and emotional wellbeing, people can experience mental illness. Social and emotional wellbeing problems are distinct from mental health problems and mental illness, although they can interact and influence each other (PM&C 2017). Cultural groups and individuals have their own, unique experiences of social and emotional wellbeing (Gee et al. Social and emotional wellbeing is a collectivist approach to an individual’s self-concept: the self is inseparable from, and embedded within, family and community. Social, historical and political factors can also affect wellbeing. It takes a holistic view of health as it recognises that connection to land, sea, culture and spirituality all influence wellbeing. Social and emotional wellbeing is the foundation of physical and mental health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) people.
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